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Common Aim for a world full of likeness
Common Aim for a world full of likeness
JOURNEE DE L'ENFANT AFRICAIN_ témoignage d'un rescapé Milton Nkosi
About this event: Strengthening youth as community Agents of Change live chatدردشة حية-تمكين الشباب كعناصر التغيير في المجتمع
Related to country: Cote D'Ivoire

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DAY OF CHILD AFRICAIN_ testimony of a survivor Milton Nkosi
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
Topic: The participation of child


1 - WHY On June 16?

The West Township (the city of south-west), known under the name of Soweto, which initially was in 1904 a dormitory town for the black minors, became a modern metropolis. Beyond the lines of houses and irons corrugated with the colors sharp, the rate/rhythm of the city impregnates the policy, the fashion, the music, the dance and the language of the country. And beats of C? ur of Soweto has echoes in all Africa.

For those which are sufficiently old to remember it, Soweto symbolizes courage. On Wednesday June 16, 1976, at the time of apartheid, the black children did not profit from the educational privileges; 10000 young people, schoolboys essentially, are descended in the streets from Soweto for a peaceful, dissatisfied demonstration that the Afrikaans is taught to them, considered as the language of oppression.

HECTOR PETERSON, 12 YEARS old, was the first child fallen under the balls from the police officers this day.

The authorities, in answer, had recourse to the force. Police officers out of weapon launched teargas grenades in crowd and the students, in reprisals, threw stones. When the order returned, there were 152 died children, strewing the ground. The demonstrations continued in 1977, making more than 700 young victims. On June 26 of this year, the government gave up the teaching of the Afrikaans in the schools attended exclusively by the Blacks, which constituted a triumph of the movement anti-apartheid.

Fifteen years after, in 1991, the Organization of African Unity immortalisé the revolt of Soweto by declaring on June 16 Journée of the African child. This declaration marked the official recognition of the contribution of the children to the fight against apartheid.

The solution must come from an inflexible rule emanating from the political leaders on the most level. In 1991, when our presidents commemorated on June 16, they said indeed: “The African children will be never again victims of violence, ill-treatment and killed as at the time of the massacre of Soweto. ” Such a resolution should be found. A commemorative ceremony is quite simply insufficient.

It is necessary that the governments take two important measurements. They should, first of all, set up a firm and detailed legislation for the protection of the children. They should then make so that this legislation is strictly applied.

Does the Day of the African child of this year have as a subject “the participation of L? child”.

We will develop these three topics:

1-qu? is what the participation of L? is child
2-Which the section D? age concerned
3-How to encourage the participation of L? child
4 - Testimony D? a survivor “Milton Nkosi is today one of the writers in chief of the Africa services of the BBC. It lived in Soweto at the time of the riots of June 1976. He was then a schoolboy and he remembers these days which shook the mode of apartheid”.

1-qu? is what the participation of L? do child
As a citizen of a State (city, province, country), you have not only rights, like that of T? to express, D? to educate, but also duties, like respecting the others, coming to them to assistance and to have a civic behavior. It is also that, being citizen!



2-which is the section D? does age concerned
Any child from 0 to 17 years have right of the occasions of S? to express, D? to be heard and L? acceptance their point of view.

3-how to encourage the participation of L? child
To grant L? child freedom D? expression. It should be supported, L? to encourage, showing him qu? one L? listens, L? helping to speak, take part and decide. To grant L? child freedom D? expression.

With/. To support and encourage the participation of the children
the children learn how and evolve/move while taking part with the others and while entering in communication with them. Does an active participation suppose qu? they express their ideas and that the adults and their pars listen to them, respect them and grant L? importance on their subjects. All children? doesn't it matter their age or their stage of development?
are capable of S? to express though differently. The babies cry, chatter or gesticulent to communicate while the older children speak, draw or use a musical instrument or the play to express their thoughts and their emotions. It falls to the parents and to the teachers to give to the children opportunities of S? to express, “D? to hear” what the children do have to say and to show them qu? they take from serious the their point of view.


B/ . How to show with L child qu? one L? listen
One must:

- To be attentive and available.
- To announce its interest and to concentrate on this qu? it says in S? accroupissant to level itself its.
- To encourage L? child so qu? it S? express with its ease.
- To show patience and to give to L? child time D? to express this qu verbally? it has to say.
- To put questions and to paraphrase the message of L? child for S? to ensure qu? it well is included/understood.
- To realize that the kind of questions qu? one installation can is to encourage L? child to be taken part in the conversation or, on the contrary, to dissuade it D? y to take share. One must put open questions to give to L? child L? envy to develop the subject.
- To be sensitive to the fact that if L is given? example of L? does listening activate with L? child, this one will more tend to listen to the others actively. L? will active listening help L? child to have good relationship with his/her comrades.

C/ . How to help L? child with speaking, taking part and to decide
One must:

- To consider that each child has a personal experiment which is clean and to take account of its family inheritance for him, social, economic, cultural and religious as well as its stage of development.

- To use a diversity of methods to listen to the point of view of the children and to observe them. It is thus necessary to pay attention to the children not only lorsqu? they speak, but in all their forms of participation. The plays, the drawings and the behaviors of the children must be observed and must be used as bench marks thereafter in our relationship with them.

- To create activities which give the children L? occasion to become aware of their own capacities and their own capacity D? to assume the direction D? an activity.

- To support the children lorsqu? they S? express and to follow their “dash” by seizing the occasions D spontaneously? training which is presented.

- To realize that the children do concentrate more lorsqu? they learn something which interests them.

- To charge interest of the children, to develop their competences and to readjust the activities and the routine in order to better meet their needs and to allow them to take a more active share to what occurs.

- To realize qu? perhaps it is necessary to resort to measurements D? adaptation to give the children having special needs the possibility of taking part in the activities.

- To give to the young children more and more the control of their personal care lorsqu? they S? in show able.

- To seek to know L? opinion of the children on the questions which touch them.

to explain to them why such or such decision is made.
- To take account of the potential of all the young children and not only of those which speak most extremely.

them do children have the right D? to express their point of view and D? to be active participants in their own life.

It S? acts of “right D? to be heard” which is recognized by the Convention of the United Nations relating to the rights of L? child (CDE). The CDE, which was adopted by the United Nations in November 1989, enumerates the fundamental human rights of all the children of the world. Right D? to be intended is specified with L? article 12 of the Convention, which is read as follows:

1. Do the States left guarantee to L? child who is capable of understanding right D? to freely express its opinion on any question L? interesting, opinions of L? child being duly taken into account have regard at its age and its degree of maturity.

2. For will this purpose, one give in particular to L? child the possibility D? to be heard in any legal or administrative procedure L? interesting, either directly, or by L? intermediary D? a representative or D? an adapted organization, in a way compatible with the rules of procedure of the national legislation.


Soweto, thirty years after


Milton Nkosi (G.) was ten years old at the time of the riots of Soweto
Milton Nkosi is today one of the writers in chief of the Africa services of the BBC. It lived in Soweto at the time of the riots of June 1976. He was then a schoolboy and he remembers these days which shook the mode of apartheid.
It was one of the most cold winters which ever South Africa knew, and I was only ten years old.
On June 16 was one Wednesday like the others and I went to my school, located in the western districts of Soweto.
The songs, at the beginning of the courses, had been superb, as usual, the professors wanted to teach and us, the pupils, we were concentrated on our examinations of end of quarter.
Suddenly, in the beautiful medium of the course of Mrs. Mofokeng, we heard cries and songs which came from outside.
We could not any more concentrate us and we started to look by the windows.
“Not with the Afrikaans! ”
I saw thousands of students who carried uniforms of various schools and which sang slogans against apartheid.
We left to see what occurred and we immediately saw that a cord of police officers prevented the demonstrators from advancing.
On the streamers, they had written: “Not with the Afrikaans! “, “Not with the language of the oppressor! “, “Finished the Afrikaans!

“Why so much of people died?” still question yourself Milton
Our professors said to us to return in our classrooms: certain pupils obeyed but of others preferred to join the demonstrators.
It is what I did: I left and I looked at the History moving, there, right under my eyes.
There was something of private individual in the way in which the police officers behaved: they were tended, they had weapons and they were ready to draw.
I also noticed that they were more numerous than usually.
There was more and more world and crowd sang more and more extremely.
The dogs of the police officers barked and the device of the police force did not cease being reinforced.
For the first time of my life, I saw rifles and teargas grenades.
There was excitation in the air. Demonstrators made fun openly of the police officers - their ears especially: some had really large ears, very ugly!
Suddenly, the tension was too strong; the police officers shouted with the demonstrators whom they had two minutes to disperse.
I heard shootings, people howled; the teargas grenades whistled above my head and left white trails in the sky.
I started to cry and cough: I could not any more stop me.
The students ran to put themselves at the shelter but the police officers released their dogs.
I ran to take refuge in the shop of Mr. Khumalo, with some streets of my school, but there was not enough place to hide there then I decided to try to return to the house.
“They released the dogs”
the students, them, had started to throw stones against the police cars, and the vehicles of delivery.
The plunderers also were with work: it was chaos. I was afraid so much!

Hector Peterson is one of the first victims of the riots
In the confusion which followed, I just remember to have sought my younger brother, Mfanasibili Nkosi, which was in a school not far.
But the large one of the engagements was held between our two establishments and it was impossible for me to cross the street Pela to go towards his.
With my third attempt to try to cross the street, I met one of my neighbors, Mbuyisa Makhubu.
It carried in its arms a child who bled and shouted with the students: “That is enough! That is enough! “Then he said to me: “What do you make there? Return at home! “
I made half-turn and I ran towards the house. The roadway was covered with shoes of schoolboys, portfolios, broken glass, stones and remains.
I saw people throwing stones on a white van: it was reversed and of the plunderers precipitated to steal the frozen meat which were inside.
During this time, the cars of patrol squared the streets in the search of students. Everywhere, of the tires burned and of the barricades the streets blocked.
Later in the afternoon, I knew that my brother was well: it had taken refuge in friends.
As for the boy that I had seen in the arms of Mbuyisa, it was called Hector Peterson. It had been wounded by ball and had succumbed to its wounds.
Thirty years after, I still remember this day like one decisive moment in the fight against the mode of apartheid. But why was it necessary that that is also painful? Why so much of people died?
South Africa traversed a long way since June 16, 1976 and the future appears more open than it forever be it, in spite of the problems.
I hope that the South-Africans will fight with as much heat against the AIDS than they did it with the racist mode of apartheid.

July 31, 2008 | 9:07 AM Comments  0 comments

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